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BIOGAS DEHUMIDIFICATION
"Why is biogas purification essential before utilization?"
Biogas is commonly harvested from the decomposition of organic matter as source, which is rich in methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) besides other contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and moisture. In the context of biogas power generation, the intricate balance of humidity becomes a crucial focal point. The substantial moisture content, in conjunction with the high content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), takes center stage in influencing the efficiency and reliability of biogas power plants. This intricate interplay of elements significantly impacts operational performance, accelerates corrosive processes, and contributes to the deterioration of vital components such as gensets and boilers.
Our biogas treatment system includes a biogas desulfurization and dehumidification process. The purpose of this process is to remove unwanted substances from the biogas, such as Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia, particulate matter, moisture.
Biogas Humidity Management
The biogas collected from the anaerobic digestor is often in a saturated or near-saturated state, with a water vapor content of about 1 to 4% (volume ratio). The presence of these water vapors will have adverse effects on the subsequent resource utilization process or equipment, so removal and purification are required.
The importance of controlled humidity for gensets and boilers:
Maintaining controlled humidity levels is particularly essential for two critical components within biogas power plants:
1. Gensets: Gensets play a pivotal role in converting biogas into electricity. Uncontrolled humidity levels can disrupt the combustion process, leading to irregular energy generation and operational inefficiencies.
2. Boilers: Boilers are integral to harnessing the energy potential of biogas. Elevated humidity can contribute to corrosion, degradation of components, and reduced operational lifespan.
Effects of uncontrolled humidity: In the context of gensets and boilers in biogas power plants, uncontrolled humidity levels beyond a critical threshold, typically 40% relative humidity (RH), can result in various adverse outcomes:
1. Operational Disruption: High moisture levels can disrupt the energy conversion process, resulting in fluctuations in electricity generation and overall inefficiencies.
2. Corrosion and Deterioration: Excess humidity accelerates corrosion, causing degradation of genset and boiler components, ultimately shortening their operational lifespan.
3. Energy Loss: Inefficient energy conversion due to humidity-related challenges can lead to decreased energy output, directly affecting the overall power plant efficiency.
The Key Components of the Biogas Dehumidification System
Installed on a hot-galvanized steel frame, the water-chiller (Hyperchill BioEnergy), cooler (Hypercool BioEnergy) and centrifugal separator (Hypersep BioEnergy) are the key components of the Biogas Dehumidifi cation System: they have been specifi cally designed for biogas applications and provide
safe and reliable operation in the harsh environments typically found at AD and Landfill biogas production sites.
Furthermore, the standard biogas dehumidification package includes water connections between Hyperchill and Hypercool, water isolating valves, water expansion tank, and counter flanges kit with gaskets for easier connection of the system to the customer pipes.
Hyperchill BioEnergy (ICE series)
- Chiller Output 5 – 360 kW
- Special coating for corrosive environment
- Pump & tank installed in casing
- Microprocessor controlled
- Ambient range -20 °C to +45 °C
- Compliant scroll refrigerant compressor
- IP54 protection as standard.
Hypercool BioEnergy (WFB Series)
- High cooling efficiency with low pressure drop design
- Material: Parts in contact with biogas in AISI304 or AISI316L, parts not in contact with biogas in AISI304
- Max. working pressure: 0,5 bar
Hypersep BioEnergy (CSB Series)
- Cyclonic separator optimized for biogas applications
- High separation efficiency with very low pressure drop
- Material: Parts in contact with biogas in AISI304 or AISI316L, • Max. working pressure: 0,5 barg
Hyperfilter BioEnergy (FFB)
- Particle removal size 5 or 20 μm
- Filtration Efficiency 99,999 %
- Differential pressure 2 mbar
- Material: AISI304 or AISI316L, with additional pickling and passivation treatment
- Max. working pressure: 0.5 brag
Gas2Gas Recuperator BioEnergy (RBB)
- Free-cools incoming biogas to reduce chiller cooling load
- Free-heats outgoing biogas to reduce relative humidity thus eliminating the need for auxiliary heating
- High thermal transfer efficiency with very low pressure drop
- Material: AISI304 or AISI316L, with additional pickling and passivation treatment
Hyperdrain BioEnergy (HDF220BE)
- Designed to work with dirty condensate and for low pressure operation
- No electrical wiring
- No gas loss
- Parts in contact with condensate in stainless steel and reinforced polyamide, body treated with special Hiroshield treatment for optimal operation in harsh environments
Biogas Dehumidification System
The standard Biogas ehumidification System cools biogas to a user defined dew point, using a Hypercool BioEnergy heat exchanger working with Hyperchill BioEnergy chiller and removing the condensed water with the Hypersep BioEnergy separator. Insulation, Hyperfilter BioEnergy and Hyperdrain BioEnergy can be provided as options.
This configuration is designed for installations where a blower is installed downstream of the Dehumidification System, taking advantage of its position to increase the temperature of the biogas and
thus decrease its Relative Humidity.
Biogas Dehumidification System with Gas2Gas
The Biogas Dehumidification System with ‘Gas2Gas’ Recuperator BioEnergy cools biogas to a user-defined dew point and reheats the gas to a Relative Humidity lower than 50%. Insulation, Hyperfilter BioEnergy and Hyperdrain BioEnergy can be provided as options.
This configuration is designed for installations where a blower is installed upstream of the Dehumidification System with the ‘Gas2Gas’ Recuperator providing free-cooling to save energy and free-heating to reduce the Relative Humidity of the biogas – without the need for auxiliary heating.
BIOGAS DEHUMIDIFICATION
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Why is biogas dehumidification necessary?
- Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion is often saturated with moisture, which can have adverse effects on equipment and utilization processes, such as gensets and boilers.
- High moisture content can lead to corrosion, reduced combustion efficiency, and increased equipment wear.
- Dehumidification improves biogas utilization efficiency and extends equipment lifespan.
What are the negative impacts of moisture in biogas?
- Corrosion: Moisture causes corrosion in pipes and equipment.
- Reduced combustion efficiency: Moisture leads to incomplete combustion, lowering energy production efficiency.
- Equipment wear: Moisture accelerates wear and tear on engines and other equipment.
- Sediment formation: Moisture combined with other biogas components can create sediments that clog equipment.
What are the methods for biogas dehumidification?
- Condensation: Reducing biogas temperature to condense moisture into liquid and separate it.
- Absorption: Using moisture-absorbing substances, such as glycol solutions, to remove moisture from biogas.
- Adsorption: Using adsorbents, such as zeolites or silica gel, to absorb moisture onto their surfaces.
- Membrane separation: Using specialized membranes to separate moisture from biogas.
Which dehumidification method should be chosen?
- The choice of method depends on factors like moisture content, temperature, and biogas application.
- Condensation is commonly used for high-volume moisture removal.
- Absorption and adsorption are suitable for achieving very low moisture levels.
- Membrane separation offers continuous operation and low maintenance.
What are the maintenance requirements for a biogas dehumidification system?
- Regularly inspect and clean equipment.
- Replace absorbents or adsorbents as scheduled.
- Check and repair gas leaks.
- Monitor drainage systems.
What is the optimal moisture level for biogas?
- The optimal moisture level depends on the biogas application.
- For gensets, moisture levels should be below 40% RH to prevent combustion and corrosion issues.
We provide cooling dehumidification solutions that effectively reduce biogas moisture content by lowering its temperature to the dew point, causing water vapor to condense. This condensation heat is efficiently removed by our refrigeration equipment.
For new facility planning or existing system upgrades concerning dehumidified biogas requirements, Domnick (Thailand)‘s Biogas Dehumidification System Design Experts are ready to assist you.
